Pitukëna (Milkweed)

When many people see the pink flowers Pitukëna (Lenape for Milkweed), they often think of monarch butterflies, but Indigenous communities have long used this plant for food, medicine, and textiles. Let’s take a closer look at the way that humans and insects have come to appreciate Pitukëna.

Pitukëna has been used medically to treat kidney disorders, stomach pain, skin ailments, and the common cold. In fact, milkweed root was listed as an herbal remedy in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia from 1820 to 1905.

Indigenous communities have used Pitukëna as a textile. The inner bark of the plant’s stalk can be twisted to make string or rope. And the silk from its seed pods is said to be warmer than wool.

The young shoots, flowers, and pods of Pitukëna are also a delicacy. Those brave enough to eat the plant often compare the shoots to asparagus and the unopened flower buds to broccoli florets. All parts of Pitukëna contain toxins ⚠️⚠️ and the plant needs to be boiled extensively before it can be enjoyed. 

These toxins are poisonous to humans, but monarchs can ingest them. While munching away on Pitukëna leaves, [very] hungry monarch caterpillars consume that poison. Predators who try to eat the insect find it unpalatable, os the caterpillars are able to develop and transform into regal butterflies. Monarchs have co-evolved with Pitukëna, the caterpillar’s host plant, to have this defense mechanism. Chew on that!

Pitukëna are pretty, practical, and they also pack a punch.

Keep reading to learn about other plants native to the Delmarva region like Selu (Corn),  Shawanameen'shee (Shadbush), and Tehim (Strawberry). 

*Disclaimer: This post is for informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for medical advice. Consult a doctor before using this plant for a medical purpose.*

Sources: Lenape Talking Dictionary, @u.s.forestservice, @nationalwildlife, and @xercessociety