Òxeataeyòk (Sunflower)

Nothing says summer more than Òxeataeyòk (Lenape) or sunflower. Have you noticed the abundance of Òxeataeyòk this year? Then keep reading! 

Òxeataeyòk are native to America. Over thousands of years, the seeds spread across the US, and different varieties flourished. On the east coast, Òxeataeyòk is thought to be the second oldest domesticated seed, and seed shells dating back more than 4,800 years have been found in Appalachia.

Indigenous communities have utilized Òxeataeyòk for food, oil, dyes, medicine, textiles, and ceremonies. The Hopi have dried and ground the black seeds and yellow petals into powders to make body paints for ceremonies. And some tribes consider Òxeataeyòk the Fourth Sister in the Three Sisters garden. 

This summer, sunflowers are especially popular because many were planted in solidarity with Ukraine – it’s their national flower. But why is a plant native to the US the national flower of Ukraine? 

Òxeataeyòk seeds have grown in Ukraine’s fertile soils since the 1700s, after Europeans brought them back to the continent. In the 1800s, sunflower oil took off in Eastern Europe because it could be consumed during Lent, while animal fats couldn’t. And by 2020, Ukraine was the world’s leading exporter of sunflower oil, at more than $4 billion annually. But more than money, sunflowers have also symbolized peace in Ukraine. 

While you’re admiring Òxeataeyòk or picking your own, take a minute to recognize the cultural importance of this native plant – from the US to Ukraine. 

Keep reading to learn about other plants native to the Delmarva region like Nènèskakw (Eastern Redbud) and Manoomin (Wild Rice).

*Disclaimer: This post is for informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for medical advice. Consult a doctor before using this plant for a medical purpose.

References: Native Seed Search, National Sunflower Association, Observatory of Economic Complexity, NBC News, Smithsonian, Time for Kids, New York Times